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Time and again, studies have shown that people of color in the US are exposed to much higher levels of fine-particulate air pollution than their white counterparts are. It’s an injustice documented by “a mountain of evidence,” as a 2021 New York Times report says.

And on Tuesday, a study published in the journal Nature Communications presented information that’s even more troubling.

“Populations living in racially segregated communities not only breathe more fine-particle air pollution, they breathe a form of pollution that is much more concentrated in toxic, cancer-causing compounds,” John Volckens, a Colorado State University engineering professor and co-author of the studies, said in a statement.

Those compounds consist of elements like lead, cadmium and nickel and often stem from the same human activities contributing to global warming — industrial work in factories, for instance. They’re also the harmful substances connected to serious health risks other than cancer, like neurological and respiratory damage.

Previously, scientists had focused on figuring out where fine-particulate matter — also called PM2.5 because each particle is less than 2.5 microns in diameter — resides. Such studies have clearly shown PM2.5 permeating places where communities of color are located. And these conclusions illustrated how people of color are breathing in a greater number of particles known to add to the global burden of disease.

Clearly, the situation was already dire. But Volckens and fellow researchers wanted to dig deeper.

They examined the toxic metal components in PM2.5 to understand where the most hazardous type

Last year, only a third of Amazon’s new hires stayed with the company for more than 90 days before quitting, being fired, or getting laid off, according to leaked documents obtained by Engadget. The report is the latest indication that Amazon is having serious issues retaining employees, and it reveals the company’s estimate that its attrition rate costs it almost $8 billion a year across its global consumer field operations team.

The report, which is based off internal research papers, slide decks, and spreadsheets from Amazon, claims that workers are twice as likely to leave by choice, rather than because they were laid off or fired. It also says that the issue is widespread throughout the company, not just with warehouse workers; from entry level roles all the way up to vice presidents, the lowest attrition rate for one of the company’s 10 tiers of employees was almost 70 percent, with the highest reaching a staggering 81.3 percent.

The report doesn’t specify which class of employees had the highest attrition rate, but it’s well known that Amazon’s warehouses and other fulfillment facilities have more turnover than the rest of the industry. According to a report from The New York Timesaround three percent of the company’s hourly employees left each week, and leaked internal memos obtained by Recode show that the company is worried about literally running out of people who’d be willing to work for it within the next few years (and even sooner, in some areas).